对于“with+名词+介词短语”,我有点搞不清名词和介词短语间的关系到底是定语关系,还是逻辑主语和补语的关系。以前老师们的回答我也看了大多数,但还是有点理解不上去(啊,学生愚钝)。各位老师就以我这几个例句说说就好,不必太展开详述(占用你们宝贵时间实在不忍)。

With a doctorate in theatre arts, Basting is an English professor at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and founder of TimeSlips, a nonprofit devoted to storytelling. 我的理解With a doctorate in theatre arts就是介词短语作状语,其中in theatre arts是a doctorate的介词短语后置定语。

With stockmarket valuations propped up by loose monetary policy, and only a slim prospect of tightening, many firms opted to shore up their balance-sheets with new share issues. 这句中,第一个显然是with复合结构,但only a slim prospect of tightening是看作省略with的介词短语,还是省略being的独立主格呢?only a slim prospect of tightening。

1 With a doctorate in theatre arts

你的理解正确,这是with介词短语,不是with复合结构。理由非常简单,in介词短语并非讲解a doctorate处于何种状况,而是修饰博士学位是什么专业范围的学位,显然是后置定语,而不是宾语补足语。

 

2 With stockmarket valuations propped up by loose monetary policy, and (with)only a slimprospect of tightening.

你的理解基本正确。and并列了二个with结构,第一个是with复合结构,第二个是普通的with介词短语。需要说明的是with复合结构本质上还是一个介词短语,只是with的宾语是复合宾语(宾语+宾补)而不是单宾语而已,所以with复合结构和with介词短语可以并列,就好似单宾语动词和复合宾语动词可以并列作谓语是一个道理。比如,The bad newsshocke me and made me very sad. 你的句子中,with复合结构和with介词短语都是缘由状语。